What is the Full form of DNA?

DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the hereditary material found in all living organisms. It contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of an organism. These instructions are passed from one generation to the next. DNA is present in the nucleus of every cell in the body and genetic instructions are stored in the form of codes made up of 4 nitrogen bases; Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) and Thymine (T).

The nitrogen bases pair with each other (A pairs with T, C pairs with G) to form base pairs. The bases are attached to a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule to form nucleotides. The nucleotides are adjacent to each other to form two long strands that intertwine like vines to form a shape called a double helix.

DNA is known for its ability to replicate. You can make copies of yourself. Each strand of DNA serves as a template to form a new strand so that each new cell can have an exact copy of the DNA present in the old cell.

DNA functions.

Genetic Information: Transports genetic information from one generation to the next.

Replication: DNA produces carbon copies through replication. It allows DNA to transfer genetic information from old cells to new cells (from one generation to the next).

Transcription: DNA produces RNA (ribonucleic acid) through the transcription process.

Cell metabolism: regulates the metabolic reactions of cells with the help of specific enzymes, hormones and RNA.

Development: controls the development of organisms through the internal genetic clock.

DNA fingerprint: each individual has their own DNA sequence that does not match the others. This property of DNA is used in DNA fingerprints, a technique used to identify an individual from their DNA.

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